Fredsakademiet: Freds- og sikkerhedspolitisk Leksion U 201: USA, amerikanske Atomvåbenforsøg

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⚔ ☢ USA: atomvåbenforsøg

US Nuclear weapons tests

américaine essais d'armes nucléaires

Pruebas estadounidense de armas nucleares

Amerikanische Atomwaffentests

USA har foretaget flere atmosfæriske og underjordiske atomvåbenforsøg siden anden verdenskrig og gennem hele atomalderen end alle de andre medlemmer af atomvåbenklubben tilsammen omkring 1500 forsøg. Geografisk har disse forsøg fundet sted i USA og i Stillehavet, nemlig i: Alamogordo Trinity Site og Carlsbad i New Mexico, Forsøgsområderne i Stillehavet, herunder Johnston Island, Juleøen (Kiribati), Marshalløerne, herunder Bikini, Eniwetok og Rongelap atollerne, Mikronesien Nevada, samt i Alaska, Colorado, Mississippi og New Mexico. De sidste områder betegnes af Det amerikanske energiministerium som områder uden for forsøgsområdet i Nevada: The Nevada Offsites refers to sites where underground nuclear tests and experiments were performed outside of the primary testing location formerly known as the Nevada Test Site (now the Nevada National Security Site).

The Nevada Offsites include the following:

The Amchitka site on Amchitka Island, Alaska, at the western end of the Aleutian Island chain.
Central Nevada Test Area in south central Nevada, brugt i del af Operation Crosstie.
The Chariot site in northwest Alaska.
The Gasbuggy site in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico (Operation Plowshare 1957–1973).
The Gnome-Coach site in Eddy County, New Mexico.
The Rio Blanco site in northwestern Colorado (Operation Plowshare 1957–1973).
The Rulison site near Parachute and Rifle, Colorado (Operation Plowshare 1957–1973).
The Salmon site in Lamar County, Mississippi.
The Shoal site in Churchill County, Nevada.

Atomvåbenforsøgene omfattede
/ The nuclear weapons tests included

Operation Anvil ; Aqueduct ; Arbor ; Argus ; Bedrock ; Bowline ; Buster-Jangle ; Castle ; Chariot ; Charioteer ; Cornerstone ; Cresset ; Operation Crossroads ; Crosstie ; Cue ; Dominic ; Dominic II ; Dugout ; Emery ; Fishbowl ; Flintlock ; Fulcrum ; Fusileer ; Greenhouse ; Grenadier ; Grommet ; Guardian ; Hardtack I ; Hardtack II ; Ivy ; Julin ; Latchkey ; Little Feller ; Mandrel ; Musketeer ; Newsreel ; Niblick ; Nougat ; Phalanx ; Plowshare ; Plumbbob ; Praetorian ; Project 56 ; Project 57 ; Project 58 ; Project 58A ; Quicksilver ; Ranger ; Redwing ; Roller Coaster ; Sandstone ; Sculpin ; Storax ; Sunbeam ; Teapot ; Tinderbox ; Toggle ; Touchstone ; Trinity ; Tumbler-Snapper ; Upshot-Knothole ; Whetstone ; Wigwam.

Miljøforurening
/ Contamination, environmental pollution

Se også: Barium ; beryllium ; cerium ; cæsium ; jod ; krypton ; lanthanum ; molybdæn ; neptunium ; niobium ; plutonium ; polonium ; radioaktivitet ; ruthenium ; strontium-90 ; tellur ; tritium ; uran ; xenon ; zirkonium.

Se tillige: Atomfysik ; Atomvåbenuheld ; British nuclear testing in the United States ; demon core ; downwinders ; Radiation Exposure Compensation Act of 1990.

Litteratur

JASON advisory panel: Hydrodynamic and Nuclear Experiments, JSR-11-340. 2011.
- http://fas.org/irp/agency/dod/jason/hydro.pdf
'JASON was asked by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) to examine the current plans from the NNSA laboratories for hydrodynamic and subcritical experiments and to make recommendations for future efforts. The NNSA recently established the Office ofNuclear Experiments to coordinate a single long-term program of hydrodynamic experiments using surrogate materials and subcritical experiments using plutonium. The goal of this program is to develop improved understanding of the underlying physics of the materials and components in nuclear weapons in support of recent efforts such as the National Boost Initiative. JASON reviewed ongoing activities and plans for these experiments at the NNSA laboratories. The following summarizes the principal findings and recommendations of the report.'

Killing our own : The Disaster of America’s Experience with Atomic Radiation. / : Harvey Wasserman & Norman Solomon with Robert Alvarez & Eleanor Walters. - New York, Delta, 1982 - 250 s. - ISBN 0-440-54566-6

United States Nuclear Tests, July 1945 through September 1992.
U.S. Department of Energy Nevada Operations Office, DOE/NV--209-REV 15, December 2000.
USA's officielle redegørelse over atomvåbenforsøg: 'This document lists chronologically and alphabetically by name all nuclear tests and simultaneous detonations conducted by the United States from July 1945 through September 1992'.

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