CRS: The Committee on Foreign
Investment in the United States (CFIUS). / : James K.
Jackson. 2012. - 27 s. 
'The Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
is an interagency committee that serves the President in overseeing
the national security implications of foreign investment in the
economy. Originally established by an Executive Order of President
Ford in 1975'.
CRS: 2012-2013
Presidential Election Period: National Security Considerations and
Options. / : John Rollins. October 5, 2012. - 39 s.
'The Presidential election period encompasses all pre- and
post-government transition-related issues and activities.'
'A presidential election period is a unique time in America and
holds the promise of opportunity, as well as a possible risk to the
nation’s security interests. While possible changes in
Administration during U.S. involvement in national security-related
activities are not unique to the 2012-2013 election period, many
observers suggest that the current security environment may portend
a time of increased risk to the current presidential election
period. Whether the enemies of the United States choose to
undertake action that may harm the nation’s security
interests during the 2012-2013 election period, or the existing or
new President experiences a relatively peaceful period during the
transition, many foreign policy and security challenges will await
the Administration. Collaboration and coordination during the
presidential election period between the current Administration and
that of a potentially new one may have a long-lasting effect on the
new President’s ability to effectively safeguard U.S.
interests and may affect the legacy of the outgoing President'.
CRS: The Executive Budget
Process: An Overview. / : Michelle D. Christensen. 2012. -
16 s.
'The U.S. Constitution vests Congress with the power to raise
revenue and borrow money. Those funds may only be drawn from the
Treasury in consequence of appropriations made by law. The
Constitution, however, is largely silent with respect to the
President’s role in the budget process. Instead, the current
executive budget process is largely the result of statutes enacted
by Congress.
The executive budget process consists of three main phases:
development of the President’s budget proposal, submission
and justification of the President’s budget proposal, and
execution of enacted appropriations and other budgetary
legislation. The purpose of this report is to provide an
introduction to many elements of the executive budget process,
highlighting the roles of the President, the Office of Management
and Budget (OMB), and executive agencies.
The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921 established the modern
executive budget process.'
CRS: Former Presidents:
Pensions, Office Allowances, and Other Federal Benefits. / :
Wendy Ginsberg ; Daniel J. Richardson, 2016.
'The Former Presidents Act (FPA; 3 U.S.C. §102 note) was
enacted to “maintain the dignity” of the Office of the
President. The act provides the former President—and his or
her spouse—certain benefits to help him respond to
post-presidency mail and speaking requests, among other informal
public duties often required of a former President. Prior to
enactment of the FPA in 1958, former Presidents leaving office
received no pension or other federal assistance. The FPA charges
the General Services Administration (GSA) with providing former
U.S. Presidents a pension, support staff, office support, travel
funds, and mailing privileges.'
CRS: Informing Congress: The Role of the Executive in Times of
War and Military Conflict, 1941-2001. 2002. - 53 s.
-
http://www.policyarchive.org/handle/10207/bitstreams/1482.pdf
CRS: National Emergency Powers / Nationale
Nødhjælpsforanstaltningsbeføjelser eller
undtagelsesbeføjelser. / Harold C. Relyea. 2001. - 24 s. -
http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/6216.pdf
CRS: Presidential Advisers’ Testimony Before Congressional
Committees: A Brief Overview. / Harold C. Relyea. 2002. - 22 s.
- - http://www.iwar.org.uk/news-archive/crs/9663.pdf
CRS: Presidential Appointments, the
Senate’s Confirmation Process, and Changes Made in the 112th
Congress. / : Maeve P. Carey. October 9, 2012. - 28 s.
'The responsibility for populating top positions in the executive
and judicial branches of government is one the Senate and the
President share. The President nominates an individual, the Senate
may confirm him, and the President would then present him with a
signed commission. The Constitution divided the responsibility for
choosing those who would run the federal government by granting the
President the power of appointment and the Senate the power of
advice and consent'.
CRS: Presidential Claims of Executive
Privilege: History, Law, Practice and Recent Developments.
/ : Morton Rosenberg, 2008. - 44 s.
'Presidential claims of a right to preserve the confidentiality of
information and documents in the face of legislative demands have
figured prominently, though intermittently, in
executive-congressional relations since at least 1792. Few such
interbranch disputes over access to information have reached the
courts for substantive resolution, the vast majority achieving
resolution through political negotiation and accommodation. In
fact, it was not until the Watergate-related lawsuits in the
1970’s seeking access to President Nixon’s tapes that
the existence of a presidential confidentiality privilege was
judicially established as a necessary derivative of the
President’s status in our constitutional scheme of separated
powers'.
CRS: Presidential Signing Statements: Constitutional and
Institutional Implications / Todd Garvey. 2012. - 34 s.
CRS: Presidential Travel: Policy and Costs. /: L. Elaine
Halchin. 2012. - 8 s.
- http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RS21835.pdf
'For security and other reasons, the President, Vice President, and
First Lady use military aircraft when they travel.
The White House generally categorizes the trips as fulfilling
either official or political functions. Often, a trip involves both
official and political, or unofficial, activities. When a trip is
for an official function, the government pays all costs, including
per diem (food and lodging), car rentals, and other incidental
expenses'.
CRS: The President’s Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP): Issues for Congress . / : John F. Sargent Jr.; Dana A.
Shea. November 26, 2012. - 48 s.
'Congress established the Office of Science and Technology Policy
(OSTP) through the National Science and Technology Policy,
Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-282). The act
states that “The primary function of the OSTP Director is to
provide, within the Executive Office of the President [EOP], advice
on the scientific, engineering, and technological aspects of issues
that require attention at the highest level of Government.”
Further, “The Office shall serve as a source of scientific
and technological analysis and judgment for the President with
respect to major policies, plans, and programs of the Federal
Government.”
In the years leading up to World War II, the importance of research
and development (R&D) to the nation’s economic and
military strength became increasingly evident. As a result,
President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Office of
Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) in 1941...'
GAO: Strategic Weapons: Changes in the Nuclear
Weapons Targeting Process Since 1991. 2012. - 16 s.
President's Daily Briefs from Kennedy and Johnson Finally
Released (Eight Years After Archive, Professor Larry Berman
Lawsuit)
CIA Told Courts the PDB Was Itself an Intelligence Method
9th Circuit Ruled PDBs Could Not Be Withheld as a Class
National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 530
Compiled and edited by Tom Blanton and Lauren Harper
Washington, D.C., September 16, 2015 - Today the CIA and the LBJ
Library are releasing online a collection of 2,500 declassified
President's Daily Briefs (PDBs) from the Kennedy and Johnson
administrations. The PDBs are Top Secret documents containing the
most current and significant intelligence information that the CIA
believes that the President needs to know, and are records that CIA
Director George Tenet once claimed could never be released for
publication "no matter how old or historically significant it may
be," and that White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer described
as "the most highly sensitized classified document in the
government."
The release of this collection of PDBs comes eight years after the
Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against the National Security
Archive and Professor Larry Berman, then a professor of political
science at University of California Davis, now based at George
State University, in his efforts to obtain the disclosure of two
Presidential Daily Briefs written for President Lyndon B. Johnson
in the 1960s. Professor Berman and the Archive were represented by
Thomas R. Burke and Duffy Carolan of the law firm Davis Wright
Tremaine LLP in San Francisco, CA. In its ruling, the Court noted -
without viewing the documents - that their disclosure could "reveal
protected intelligence sources and methods." The Court rejected,
however, the CIA's "attempt to create a per se status exemption for
PDBs."
At the time of the 2007 ruling, Archive General Counsel Meredith
Fuchs said that while disappointed with the Court's decision, "Our
goal in this litigation was to force the agency to conduct a
genuine review and assess the true sensitivity of each document. We
hope the Agency will take the Court's analysis to heart and do the
right thing in the future."
President’s Daily Brief Spotlighted Soviet Missile and
Space Programs in 1960s and 1970s
Daily Briefings Underscored Threats to National Security,
Propaganda Value of Rival Programs
National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 574
Washington, D.C., December 20, 2016 – Soviet missile and
space programs were among the most frequent topics briefed to the
president of the United States by U.S. intelligence during the
administrations of John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M.
Nixon, and Gerald R. Ford, according to a review of recently
declassified excerpts of the President’s Daily Brief posted
today by the National Security Archive at The George Washington
University. Of all the issues that crossed the president’s
desk during this tense period of the Cold War, the USSR’s
strategic capabilities and space program represented constant areas
of concern because of the threat they posed both to U.S. national
security and to American prestige in the propaganda war with its
superpower rival.
Today’s Electronic Briefing Book presents a selection of
entries on both programs compiled and introduced by James E. David,
curator for national security space programs at the Smithsonian
National Air and Space Museum. In addition to excerpts from 66 PDB
entries, the posting provides further background and context.
After years of legal battles under the Freedom of Information Act,
the CIA released significant portions of the PDBs from the
Kennedy-Johnson era (in 2015) and the Nixon-Ford period (in 2016).
In late 2016, the National Security Archive published a highly
indexed collection of those materials as part of the “Digital
National Security Archive” through ProQuest. The materials in
this posting are available through DNSA or by visiting the
Archive’s offices in Gelman Library at The George Washington
University.
CRS: Presidential Transition Act: Provisions and Funding. / : Henry B. Hogue, 2020..
The federal
American presidents are both heads of state and military
commanders. However, the right to declare war is formally with the
Congress. The office is defined in the U.S. Constitution. As chief
of the executive branch and head of the federal government, the
presidency is the highest political office in the United States The
president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral
College or by the House of Representatives should the Electoral
College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to the
candidates. Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment
to the US Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected President
more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a
term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than
once Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an
incumbent President, the Vice President assumes the office. The
President must be at least 35 years of age and a "natural born"
citizen of the United States.