kobber

Kobber er grundstof nr. 29. i det periodiske system.
Metallet som har været kendt siden oldtiden anvendes i bl.a. elektronikindustrien, til medicinsk behandling, til smykker, som tagbelægning og i kernevåben.
Kobberproducenterne er eller har været organiseret i the Copper Development Association, the International Copper Cartel, 1935-1939 og the Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries, 1967-?
Der produceres eller har været produceret kobber i bl.a. Armenien, Australien, Bolivia, Botswana, Canada, Chile, Congo, Den demokratiske republik Congo, Indien, Indonesien, Kasakhstan, Kina, Jugoslavien, Malawi, Marokko, Mauretanien, Mexico, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan (Reko Diq), Panama, Papua Ny Guinea, Peru, Polen, Rusland, Sverige, Sydafrika, USA og Zambia.
Se også: Gun metal ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s Site 300 ; messing ; Project Orion (nuclear propulsion).

Litteratur

Copper Technical Reference Library - http://search.proquest.com/copper/?accountid=26849
26th Seismic Research Review - Trends in Nuclear Explosion Monitoring. / Mark R. Leidig et al. - 12 s.
- http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/Monitoring/Doc/Srr_2004/PAPERS/04-06.pdf
'During the summer of 2003, Weston Geophysical, Southern Methodist University, the University of Texas at El Paso, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory formed a consortium to quantify the differences between contained single-fired chemical explosions (a surrogate for nuclear tests) and delay-fired mining explosions. We designed, detonated, and recorded ten single-fired explosions at a copper mine in southeastern Arizona and nine single-fired explosions in the northeastern Arizona coal mining district'.
Høvding trodser Panamas præsident: Ngäbe-Buglé-folket modsætter sig regeringens planer om at anlægge miner og vandkraftværker på dets oprindelige jorder. De blokerede i dagevis trafikken på den panamerikanske motorvej, før deres protester blev nedkæmpet med vold. / Edward Helmore. Lagt på information.dk 23. februar 201. Bragt i den trykte udgave 24. februar 2012 på side 10 i 1. sektion.
Recovery and Recycling of Aluminum, Copper, and Precious Metals from Dismantled Weapon Components / J. D. Lutz and W.T. Wheelis. , 1995. - 20 s.
- http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/25039-GHRlGt/webviewable/25039.pdf
'In general, the ongoing dismantlement of nuclear weapon hardware represents a material stream totaling some 100 to 300 tons of material per year for 10 to 15 years, exclusive of the "physics package" and the aeroshell. This material stream is roughly 30% aluminum, 10% copper, 10% ferrous, 1% precious metals, 25% other metals and inorganics, and 25% organics.'
Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in the Southwestern Copper Belt of Arizona.
- Washington, DC : United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation & Indoor Air. 1999. - 124 s.
- http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/tenorm/402-r-99-002.pdf
Copper manual. Copper mines, copper statistics, copper shares and a summary of information on copper, etc., (1897).
- New York, N.Y. : D. Houston & co., 1903. - 569 s. - http://www.archive.org/details/coppermanualcop00cogoog
UNESCO: The Historical industrial landscape of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun Sweden. / : Erik Wegraeus.
- http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1027.pdf


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