- Geografi ; natur og
klima ; demografi ;
historie ; krige ; kultur ; kunst ; film
; musik ; politik ;
politiske partier ; forsvar ;
fredsbevægelser ; religion ; sociale forhold ; uddannelse og
økonomi.
- Geography; Nature and climate; Demography; History; Wars;
Culture ; Art; Film; Music; Politics; Political parties ; Defense;
Peace movements; Religion; Social conditions ; Education and
Economics.
- Géographie; Nature et climat; Démographie;
Guerres; Histoire; Culture ; La musique; Politique; Partis
politiques ; La défense; Mouvements de paix; Religion;
Conditions sociales ; Éducation; Économie et commerce
des armes
-
Syriens våbenhandel
- Syriens
Våbenfabrikker,
våbenhandel og
våbentransporter: / Weapon Factories, arms trade and
-transport / Les fabriques d'armes, le commerce des armes et de
transport / Las fábricas de armas, tráfico de armas y
-transporte / Waffenfabriken, Waffenhandel und Verkehr:
- Syrien har været i krig siden 2011.
/ Syria has been at war since 2011.
- Report of the
independent international commission of inquiry on the Syrian Arab
Republic. UN Human Rights Council, Seventeenth special session,
2011.
Military and security forces
'18. The Syrian Arab Armed Forces comprise the Army, the Navy and
the Air Force. They are responsible for defending the national
territory and protecting the State from internal threats. Numbering
around 300,000, the armed forces are organized into three corps
with a total of 12 divisions: seven armoured, three mechanized, one
Republican Guard and the Special Forces. Elite units include the
10,000-man Republican Guard, under the President's control, tasked
to counter any threat from dissident military forces, and the
20,000-man Fourth Division, which is commanded by Maher Al Assad,
the President's brother.
19. The State security apparatus is reported to be large and
effective, with a multitude of security forces and intelligence
agencies that have overlapping missions. They play a powerful role
in Syrian society, monitoring and repressing opposition to the
Government. The internal security apparatus includes police forces
under the Ministry of the Interior, Syrian Military Intelligence,
Air Force Intelligence, the National Security Bureau, the Political
Security Directorate and the General Intelligence Directorate. The
latter consists of 25,000 members formally under the Ministry of
the Interior but reporting directly to the President and his inner
circle. It includes Internal Security (also known as the State
Security Service), External Security and the Palestine
Division.'
- Arms Transfers
to the Middle East. / : Sam Perlo-Freeman. SIPRI Background
Paper, 2009.
- Fabrikker:
- Handel:
- EU arms embargo on Syria. SIPRI
2013.
'From May 2011 to the end of May 2013 the European Union imposed a
full arms embargo on Syria in response to the violent repression by
Syrian government forces of peaceful protests and the following
violent conflict in the country. Due to disagreement between EU
states about allowing the supply of arms to rebel forces in Syria
large parts of the embargo were lifted per 1 June 2013.'
- Eksport af våben til
Libanon.
- Import af våben, ifølge SIPRIs Arms Transfers Database,
fra Bulgarien, Iran,
Italien, Kina, Nordkorea,
Pakistan, Rusland,
Sovjetunionen, Tjekkoslovakiet og
Ukraine.
- Arms transfers to
Syria. / : Pieter D. Wezeman.
SIPRI Yearbook 2013: Armaments, Disarmament and International
Security. Oxford University Press, 2013.
'During 2006–10, Russia provided 48 per cent of Syria’s
imports, with air defence systems and anti-ship missiles making up
the bulk of the deliveries. Other suppliers of major conventional
weapons were Iran (21 per cent), Belarus (20 per cent), North Korea
(9 per cent) and China (2 per cent). More countries are likely to
have been involved in the supply of other military equipment,
including items used widely during the conflict. For example
Russian and Italian companies were involved in upgrading Syrian
T-72 tanks.'
- Syriske oprørsgruppers import af våben:
- UN Security Council: Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant ISIL,
Arms Embargo, Resolution 2253 (2015)
'(c) Prevent the direct or indirect supply, sale, or transfer to
these individuals, groups, undertakings and entities from their
territories or by their nationals outside their territories, or
using their flag vessels or aircraft, of arms and related materiel
of all types including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles
and equipment, paramilitary equipment, and spare parts for the
aforementioned, and technical advice, assistance or training
related to military activities;'
- Våben og ammunition oprindelig fra Belgien,
Egypten, Irak, Iran, Italien,
Kina, Rusland, Sudan og USA.
Dispatch from the field: Islamic State weapons in Kobane: Analysis
of weapons and ammunition captured from Islamic State forces in
Kobane. - London : Conflict Armament Research Ltd., 2015.
- Transport:
- The Odessa Network: Mapping
Facilitators of Russian and Ukrainian Arms Transfers. / : Tom
Wallace & Farley Mesko.
- Washington : Center for Advanced Defense Studies September
2013.
'The Odessa Network is a loose collection of logistics contractors
for the governments of Russia and Ukraine, not independent arms
dealers. Key companies and figures in Odessa include Kaalbye Group,
Phoenix Trans-Servis, and their high-level political connections
via key facilitators such as Boris Kogan. The companies work with
state weapons export agencies such as Rosoboronexport and
Ukrspetsexport...
Weapons and non-weapons shipping activities generate large profits
for Odessa Network leaders. They put their money in both legitimate
ventures and a well-known network of Panamamian shell companies and
Latvian banks that have been used for money laundering by other
entities, including the Sinaloa Cartel and Hezbollah. They also are
active users of US and EU financial institutions.'
- Se også:
- Se tillige: Våbenhandel i:
Afghanistan ; Albanien ; Algeriet ;
Andorra ; Angola ; Antigua & Barbuda ; Argentina ;
Armenien ; Australien ; Aserbajdsjan ;
Bahamaøerne ; Bahrain ;
Bangladesh ; Barbados ;
Belize ; Benin ; Bhutan ;
Bolivia ; Bosnien-Hercegovina ;
Botswana ; Brasilien ;
Brunei Darussalam ; Burkina Faso
; Burundi ; Cambodia ;
Cameroun ; Canada ; Den centralafrikanske republik ; Chile ;
Colombia ; Comorerne ; Republikken Congo ; Costa Rica ;
Cuba ; Cypern ; Danmark ; Den
demokratiske republik Congo ;
Djibouti ; Dominica ; Den dominikanske republik ; Ecuador ; El
Salvador ; Elfenbenskysten ; Eritrea ;
Estland ; Etiopien ; Fiji ;
Filippinerne ; Finland ; De forenede arabiske emirater ; Frankrig ;
Færøerne ; Gabon ;
Gambia ;
Georgien ; Ghana ; Grenada ;
Grækenland ;
Grønland ; Guatemala ; Guinea ;
Guinea-Bissau ; Guyana ; Haiti ;
Holland ; Honduras ; Hviderusland ;
Indien ; Indonesien ; Irland ;
Island ; Israel ; Jamaica ;
Japan ; Jordan ; Kap Verde ;
Kazakstan ; Kenya ; Kirgisistan ;
Kiribati ; Kosovo ; Kroatien ;
Kuwait ; Laos ; Lesotho ;
Letland ; Liberia ; Libyen ;
Liechtenstein ; Litauen ; Luxembourg ; Madagaskar ;
Makedonien ; Malawi ; Malaysia ;
Maldiverne ; Mali ; Malta ;
Marokko ; Marshalløerne ;
Mauretanien ; Mauritius ;
Mexico ; Mikronesien ; Moldova ;
Monaco ; Mongoliet ; Montenegro ;
Mozambique ; Myanmar / Burma ;
Namibia ; Nauru ; Nepal
; New Zealand ; Nicaragua ;
Niger ; Nigeria ; Norge ; Oman
; Palau ; Palæstina ; Panama ; Papua Ny
Guinea ; Paraguay ; Peru ; Polen
; Portugal ; Qatar ;
Rumænien ; Rwanda ; Saint Kitts & Nevis ;
Saint Lucia ; Saint Vincent &
Grenadinerne ; Salomonøerne ; Samoa ; San Marino ; Sao Tomé & Principe ; Saudi-Arabien ; Schweiz ; Senegal ; Serbien ; Seychellerne ; Sierra
Leone ; Singapore ;
Slovakiet ; Slovenien ; Somalia ; Spanien ; Sri Lanka ; Storbritannien ;
Sudan ; Surinam ; Sverige ; Swaziland ; Sydafrika ; Sydkorea ;
Sydsudan ;
Tadjikistan ; Taiwan ; Tanzania ;
Tchad ; Thailand ; Tjekkiet ;
Togo ; Tonga ; Trinidad og Tobago ; Tunesien ;
Turkmenistan ; Tuvalu ; Tyrkiet ;
Tyskland ; Uganda ; Ungarn ;
Uruguay ; USA ; Usbekistan ;
Vanuatu ; Vatikanstaten ; Venezuela ;
Vietnam ; Yemen ; Zambia ;
Zimbabwe ; Ækvatorial
Guinea ; Østrig ; Østtimor.
-
- Arms Transfers to The Syrian Arab Republic: Practice and
Legality. / : Mélanie De Groof.
- Bruxelles : Groupe de recherche et d'information sur la paix et
la sécurité (GRIP), 2013.
The main purpose of this report is to offer an in-depth legal and
factual analysis on arms transfers to Syria
- Taking Stock: The Arming of
Islamic State.
Amnesty International, December 2015
- https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde14/2812/2015/en/
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