- Geografi ; natur og
klima ; demografi ;
historie ; krige ;
den kolde krig ; kultur ; kunst ; film ;
musik ; politik ;
politiske partier ; religion ; sociale forhold ; uddannelse og
økonomi.
- Geography; Nature and climate; Demography; History; Wars;
Culture ; Art; Film; Music; Politics; Political parties ; Defense;
Peace movements; Religion; Social conditions ; Education and
Economics.
- Géographie; Nature et climat; Démographie;
Guerres; Histoire; Culture ; La musique; Politique; Partis
politiques ; La défense; Mouvements de paix; Religion;
Conditions sociales ; Éducation; Économie et commerce
des armes
-
Libyens våbenhandel
- Libyens
våbenfabrikker,
våbenhandel og
våbentransporter: / Weapon Factories, arms trade and
-transport / Les fabriques d'armes, le commerce des armes et de
transport / Las fábricas de armas, tráfico de armas y
-transporte / Waffenfabriken, Waffenhandel und Verkehr:
- Militærudgifter
/ Military, expenditure
Lande med en militær byrde på mere end 4 procent af
bruttonationalproduktet (BNP) i 2014 eller i år med seneste
tilgængelige data.
/ Countries with a military burden over 4 per cent of gross
domestic product (GDP) in 2014 or in year of most recent available
data
Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2014. / : Sam Perlo-Freeman,
et al. SIPRI Fact Sheet, 2015
- Oberst og diktator Muammar Gaddafi, leder af den libyske
revolution 1. september 1969 – 20. oktober 2011.
- Human Rights in Countries of Concern.
Human Rights and Democracy: The 2014 Foreign & Commonwealth
Office Report Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for
Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.
- London: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, 2015.
- Fabrikker:
- Handel:
- Libyens våbenhandel kan deles i to perioder: Før
og efter Gaddafi-regimets fald i 2011. Før 2011 var
våbenhandel til Libyen lovlig, i parantes bemærket
bortset fra årene 1992-2003, på grund af bombningerne
af Pan Am Flight 103 i Lockerbie og UTA Flight 772 i Tchad. Efter
2011 er handlen med våben på grund af stadig
gældende FN
og EU embargoer ulovlig. Libyens lovlige handel med våben er
registreret af SIPRI. Den ulovlige våbenhandel er i 2013
dokumenteret af en arbejdsgruppe nedsat af FN's
sikkerhedsråd.
- Trade:
- Libya's arms trade can be divided into two periods: before and
after the Gaddafi regime in 2011. Before 2011, the trade in arms to
Libya was lawful, in brackets noticed except for the years
1992-2003, because of the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 in Lockerbie
and UTA Flight 772 in Chad. After 2011, the trade in weapons
because of still existing UN and EU embargos became illegal.
Libya's legitimate arms trade is registered by SIPRI.
The illegal arms trade is documented in 2013 by a working group of
the UN Security Council.
- Libya: EU imposes arms
embargo and targeted sanctions. / : Council of the European
Union. Brussels, 28 February 2011 7081/11 Presse 41.
'In line with Saturday's decision by the UNSC, the Council banned
the supply to Libya of arms, ammunition and related material. In
addition to the UN measures, the Council also prohibited trade with
Libya in equipment which might be used for internal
repression.'...
- Lovlig eksport af våben til:
Den demokratiske republik Congo, De
forenede arabiske emirater,
Iran, Pakistan, Somalia,
Sudan, Tchad og Uganda.
- Lovlig import af våben, ifølge SIPRIs Arms Transfers Database,
fra Belgien, Canada,
Danmark, Frankrig, Italien,
Jordan, Nordkorea, Polen,
Rusland, Sovjetunionen,
Slovakiet, Spanien, Storbritannien, Sudan, Tjekkoslovakiet, Tyskland og Østrig.
- The Guardian:
EU arms exports to Libya.
- Den tidlige danske våbeneksport er bl.a. dokumenteret
i:
/ The early Danish arms exports is documented in:
/ Les premières exportations d'armes danoises est
documentée dans:
/ Las primeras exportaciones de armas daneses se documenta en:
/ Die frühen dänischen Waffenexporte ist dokumentiert
in:
Rustningsindustri og krigsforskning i Danmark
/ Armaments Industry and war research in Denmark.
/ : De Danske Vietnamkomiteers Dokumentationsgruppe
/ The Danish Vietnam committees Documentation Group.
Demos, 1973 ; 1978. Specielt s. 15.
- See also: Exports of military equipment from EU member states
to Libya 2005–2010.
/ : Susanne Therese Hansen & Nicholas Marsh (2015) Normative
power and organized hypocrisy: European Union member states' arms
export to Libya, European Security, 24:2, 264-286, DOI:
10.1080/09662839.2014.967763
'Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland,
Spain, Slovakia and United Kingdom'.
- Implementation of the
arms embargo
Final report of the Panel of Experts established pursuant to
resolution 1973 (2011) concerning Libya. / : Panel of Experts on
Libya established pursuant to resolution 1973 (2011). United
Nations. Security Council. S/2013/99. 2013.
'In the past 12 months, the proliferation of weapons from Libya has
continued at a worrying rate and has spread into new territory:
West Africa, the Levant and, potentially, the Horn of Africa. Cases
of illicit transfers from Libya, both proven and under
investigation, include trafficking by land and sea to more than 12
countries. Illicit flows from the country are fuelling existing
conflicts and enriching the arsenals of a range of non-State actors
in the region and beyond. In accordance with paragraph 13 of
resolution 2009 (2011), a number of Member States have notified the
Committee of transfers of military materiel and other
securityrelated support to the Libyan authorities for security
assistance. The Panel is, however, concerned by the absence of any
official procurement mechanism within Libya and by the transfers of
lethal materiel to end users whose identities remain unclear. The
Panel has continued to investigate cases of transfers of arms'.
Including Transfers of military materiel involving Qatar and
Transfer of ammunition to Libya involving the United Arab Emirates,
Armenia, Albania and Ukraine.
- Se også:
- Se tillige: Våbenhandel i:
Afghanistan ; Albanien ; Algeriet ;
Andorra ; Angola ; Antigua & Barbuda ; Argentina ;
Armenien ; Australien ; Aserbajdsjan ;
Bahamaøerne ; Bahrain ;
Bangladesh ; Barbados ;
Belize ; Benin ; Bhutan ;
Bolivia ; Bosnien-Hercegovina ;
Botswana ; Brasilien ;
Brunei Darussalam ; Bulgarien ;
Burkina Faso ; Burundi ;
Cambodia ; Cameroun ; Den centralafrikanske republik ; Chile ;
Colombia ; Comorerne ; Republikken Congo ; Costa Rica ;
Cuba ; Cypern ; Djibouti ;
Dominica ; Den dominikanske
republik ; Ecuador ; Egypten ; El
Salvador ; Elfenbenskysten ; Eritrea ;
Estland ; Etiopien ; Fiji ;
Filippinerne ; Finland ; Færøerne ; Gabon ;
Gambia ; Georgien ; Ghana ;
Grenada ; Grækenland ; Grønland ; Guatemala ;
Guinea ; Guinea-Bissau ; Guyana ;
Haiti ; Holland ; Honduras ;
Hviderusland ; Indien ; Indonesien ;
Irak ; Irland ; Island ;
Israel ; Jamaica ; Japan ; Kap
Verde ; Kazakstan ; Kenya ; Kina
; Kirgisistan ; Kiribati ;
Kosovo ; Kroatien ; Kuwait ; Laos ; Lesotho ; Letland ; Libanon ; Liberia ; Liechtenstein ; Litauen
; Luxembourg ;
Madagaskar ; Makedonien ; Malawi ;
Malaysia ; Maldiverne ; Mali ; Malta
; Marokko ; Marshalløerne ; Mauretanien ;
Mauritius ; Mexico ; Mikronesien ;
Moldova ; Monaco ; Mongoliet ;
Montenegro ; Mozambique ; Myanmar / Burma ; Namibia ;
Nauru ; Nepal ; New Zealand ;
Nicaragua ; Niger ; Nigeria ;
Norge ; Oman ; Palau ;
Palæstina ; Panama ; Papua Ny Guinea ; Paraguay ;
Peru ; Portugal ; Qatar ;
Rumænien ; Rwanda ; Saint Kitts & Nevis ; Saint Lucia ;
Saint Vincent & Grenadinerne ;
Salomonøerne ; Samoa ; San Marino ; Sao Tomé & Principe ; Saudi-Arabien ;
Schweiz ; Senegal ; Serbien ;
Seychellerne ; Sierra Leone ; Singapore ;
Slovenien ; Sri Lanka ; Surinam ;
Sverige ; Swaziland ; Sydafrika ;
Sydkorea ; Sydsudan ; Syrien ;
Tadjikistan ; Taiwan ; Tanzania ;
Thailand ; Tjekkiet ; Togo ; Tonga
; Trinidad og Tobago ; Tunesien ;
Turkmenistan ; Tuvalu ; Tyrkiet ;
Ukraine ; Ungarn ; Uruguay ; USA
; Usbekistan ; Vanuatu ;
Vatikanstaten ; Venezuela ; Vietnam ;
Yemen ; Zambia ; Zimbabwe ;
Ækvatorial Guinea ;
Østtimor.
-
- Charles Levinson and Matthew Rosenberg: Egypt Said to Arm Libya
Rebels. I: Wall Street Journal, 03/17/2011.
Who Armed Gaddafi?, 2 March 2011.
-
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/mar/01/eu-arms-exports-libya#data
Jordi
Calvo: Who is selling Gadaffi weapons? War Profiteers’
News, 03/18/2011, No. 28.
Ritzaus Bureau: EU vil ophæve våbenembargo mod Libyen.
I: kristeligt Dagblad, 09/22/2004.
Thomsen, Jens: Libyen er våbenindustriens udstillingsvindue :
Med FN’s militære indsats i Libyen har de
europæiske kampfly Eurofighter Typhoon, Saab Gripen og
Dassault Rafale fået ny luft under vingerne på det
internationale våbenmarked. Ilddåb gavner salget, og
producenterne er på tæerne. I: Ugebrevet A4, nr. 15 |
18.04 - 01.05.2011.
-
http://www.ugebreveta4.dk/da/2011/201115/Artikler/Libyen_er_vaabenindustriens_udstillingsvindue.aspx
- Small Arms Transfers:
Importing States. / : Small Arms Survey Research Notes, Number
12, 2011.
-
http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/H-Research_Notes/SAS-Research-Note-12.pdf
Send
kommentar, email eller søg i
Fredsakademiet.dk
