Fredsakademiet: Freds- og sikkerhedspolitisk Leksion E 185 : Ecuadoriansk natur

Galápagosøerne

Geografi ; klima ; demografi ; historie ; krige ; kultur ; kunst ; film ; musik ; politik ; politiske partier ; forsvar ; fredsbevægelser ; religion ; sociale forhold ; uddannelse ; økonomi og våbenhandel.

Geography; Nature and climate; Demography; History; Wars; Culture ; Art; Film; Music; Politics; Political parties ; Defense; Peace movements; Religion; Social conditions ; Education , Economics and Arms trade.

Géographie; Nature et climat; Démographie; Guerres; Histoire; Culture ; La musique; Politique; Partis politiques ; La défense; Mouvements de paix; Religion; Conditions sociales ; Éducation; Économie et commerce des armes

Ecuadors natur

Natur, klima. Biodiversitet. Fauna og flora: Botaniske haver ; Fisk. Fugle. Koralrev. Vådområder.
Nature, climate. Flora and fauna: Botanical gardens. Fish. Birds. Coral reefs. Wetlands
Flore et faune: Poissons. Oiseaux. Les récifs coralliens. Les zones humides.
Flora y fauna: Fish. Pájaros. Los arrecifes de coral. Los humedales.
Natur, Klima. Flora und Fauna: Botanische Gärten. Fisch. Vögeln. Korallenriffe. Feuchtgebiet, Feuchtbiotop.

Ecuador har stor biologisk mangfoldighed / megadiversity.

Ornithological gazetteer of Ecuador. / : Raymond A Paynter, 1993.
- https://archive.org/details/ornithologicalga1993payn

Portraits of Galapagos. / : Tui de Roy ; Mark Jones.
Imprents Mariscal, Quito, Ecuador, 1991.
Ualmindelig flot fotobog, der ikke giver sig ud for mere end den er.

Naturhistorie: Contribuciones al conocimiento de la flora ecuatoriana I-II. / : Luis Sodiro, 1903.
- https://archive.org/details/contribucionesal00sodi , og
- https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003029144 , og
- https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003651061

Flora of the Galápagos Islands; Papers from the Hopkins-Stanford Expedition to the Galapagos Islands (1902).
- http://www.archive.org/details/floraofgalpago00robi

Naturhistorie:

Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon & Andes: Being Records of Travel on the Amazon and Its Tributaries, the Trombetas, Rio Negro, Uaupés, Casiquiri, Pacimoni, Huallaga, and Pastasa; as Also to the Cataracts of the Orinoco, Along the Eastern Side of the Andes of Peru and Ecuador, and the Shores of the Pacific, During the Years 1849-1864, I-II. / : Richard Spruce. - London: Macmillan, 1908.
- https://archive.org/details/notesofbotanisto11908spru
- https://archive.org/details/notesofbotanisto21908spru

Vådområder:

International Network of Basin Organizations / Det internationale netværk af flodbassin organisationer.
- http://www.inbo-news.org/spip.php?sommaire⟨=en:

Floder: Amazonfloden.

The known and unknown about marine biodiversity in Ecuador (continental and insular) / Lo conocido y desconocido de la biodiversidad marina en el Ecuador (continental e insular). / : Manuel Cruz et al. Gayana 67(2): 232-260, 2003.
- http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/gayana/v67n2/art10.pdf
'Ecuador has a high diversity of ecosystems in its coastal and marine territory with beaches, bays, estuaries, cliffs, coastal lagoons and rocky coasts being the most representative. So far, 1,859 marine species have been identified in Ecuador'.

Peace Palace Library: Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law.

Natur i international lov:
Traktaten om Amazonas samarbejdsorganisation / The Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization / Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica, 1998-.

Skov: Amazonas.

Geologi og jordbundsforhold: Bjerge, vulkaner, jordskælv og ørkenområder:
Geology: Mountains, volcanoes, earthquakes and desert areas
Géologie: Montagnes, volcans, tremblements de terre et les zones désertiques
Geología: Montañas, volcanes, terremotos y zonas desérticas
Geologie: Berge, Vulkane, Erdbeben und Wüstengebiete

Peace Parks in the Cordillera del Cóndor Mountain Range and Biodiversity Conservation Corridor. / Martín Alcalde, Carlos F. Ponce, Yanitza Curonisy.
- http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/ponce.pdf
'The Cordillera del Cóndor, a relatively isolated mountain range that straddles the Peru-Ecuador border, lies in a highly significant global conservation zone. Thanks to an abundance of water throughout the year, the region hosts the world's most diverse plant communities and serves as a key element in the great hydrological cycle linking the Andes with the Amazon. The Cordillera del Cóndor is culturally important for the indigenous Shuar and Ashuar communities from Ecuador and the Awajún and Wampis from Peru. For decades this mountain range has been the scene of border conflicts between the two countries. But today, peace and integration is replacing strife'.

World Database on Protected Areas: Beskyttede områder og nationalparker: Yasuni nationalparken.

UNEP-WCMC (2008). National and Regional Networks of Marine Protected Areas: A Review of Progress. Cambridge.

- http://www.unep.org/regionalseas/publications/otherpubs/pdfs/MPA_Network_report.pdf

The Yasuni-ITT Initiative: A New Model to Implement Human Rights and Biological Diversity Conventions and Frameworks? / : Lavinia Warnars
Ecuador has proposed a unique initiative: to refrain from oil extraction in three oil blocks, Ispingo-Tiputini- Timbochacha (ITT), in Yasuni, one of the most biologically diverse areas of the world and home to four Indigenous groups. Lost revenues from forgone oil extraction are to be offset through an international fund to be invested in different sustainable development projects. Although the initial development of the initiative lacks participation of Indigenous peoples, the Initiative may function as a model for developing countries containing biologically diverse areas with fossil fuels to implement provisions under the United Nations Declaration of the Rights for Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the International Labour Organization’s Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (ILO 169), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Man and Biosphere Reserve Programme (UNESCO MAB). Accordingly, the Initiative could resolve conflicts between resource extraction activities, nature conservation, and Indigenous peoples’ interests.
- http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/policy_matters_17___pg_55_77.pdf

Tekst:

Se også: Sydamerikas natur ; Stillehavets natur.

Se tillige: Afghansk natur ; Albansk natur ; Algerisk natur ; Andorras natur ; Amerikansk natur ; Angolas natur ; Antigua & Barbudas natur ; Argentinsk natur ; Armensk natur ; Aserbajdsjans natur ; Australsk natur ; Bahamas natur ; Bahrains natur ; Bangladesh natur ; Barbados natur ; Belgisk natur ; Belizesk natur ; Benins natur ; Bhutans natur ; Boliviansk natur ; Bosnien-Hercegovinas natur ; Botswanas natur ; Brasiliens natur ; Brunei Darussalams natur ; Bulgarsk natur ; Burkina Fasos natur ; Burundis natur ; Canadisk natur ; Cambodjansk natur ; Camerouns natur ; Centralafrikansk natur ; Chilensk natur ; Colombiansk natur ; Comorernes natur ; Congolesisk natur ; Costa Ricas natur ; Cubansk natur ; Cypriotisk natur ; Dansk natur ; Djiboutisk natur ; Dominicansk natur ; Dominicas natur ; Engelsk natur ; Egyptisk natur ; El Salvadoransk natur ; Elfenbenskystens natur ; Eritreas natur ; Estlands natur ; Etiopisk natur ; Fijis natur ; Filippinsk natur ; Finsk natur ; De forenede arabiske Emiraters natur ; Fransk natur ; Færøsk natur ; Gabons natur ; Gambiansk natur ; Georgiansk natur ; Ghanas natur ; Grenadas natur ; Græsk natur ; Grønlandsk natur ; Guatemalas natur ; Guineas natur ; Guinea-Bissaus natur ; Guyansk natur ; Haitiansk natur ; Hollansk natur ; Honduras natur ; Hvideruslands natur ; Indisk natur ; Indonesisk natur ; Irakisk natur ; Iransk natur ; Islandsk natur ; Irsk natur ; Israelsk natur ; Italiensk natur ; Jamaicas natur ; Japansk natur ; Jordans natur ; Kap Verdisk natur ; Kasakhstanisk natur ; Kenyansk natur ; Kinesisk natur ; Kirgisistans natur ; Kiribatis natur ; Kosovos natur ; Kroatiens natur ; Kuwais natur ; Laotisk natur ; Lesothisk natur ; Letlands natur ; Libanesisk natur ; Liberiansk natur ; Libysk natur ; Liechtensteins natur ; Litauens natur ; Luxembourgs natur ; Madagascars natur ; Makedonsk natur ; Malawis natur ; Malaysias natur ; Maldiviensk natur ; Malis natur ; Maltesisk natur ; Marokkansk natur ; Marshalløernes natur ; Mauretaniens natur ; Mauritius natur ; Mexicansk natur ; Mikronesisk natur ; Moldovisk natur ; Monacos natur ; Mongoliets natur ; Montenegros natur ; Mozambiques natur ; Myanmars natur ; Namibias natur ; Naurus natur ; Nepals natur ; New Zealandsk natur ; Nicaraguansk natur ; Nigers natur ; Nigerias natur ; Norsk natur ; Nordkoreansk natur ; Omans natur ; Pakistansk natur ; Palaus natur ; Palæstinas natur ; Panamas natur ; Papua Ny Guineansk natur ; Paraguays natur ; Peruviansk natur ; Polsk natur ; Portugisisk natur ; Qatars natur ; Rumænsk natur ; Russisk natur ; Rwandas natur ; Salomonøernes natur ; Samoas natur ; San Marinos natur ; São Tomé & Principles natur ; Saudi-Arabisk natur ; Schweizisk natur ; Senegals natur ; Serbisk natur ; Seychellernes natur ; Sierra Leones natur ; Singapores natur ; Skotsk natur ; Slovakiets natur ; Sloveniens natur ; Somalisk natur ; Spansk natur ; Sri Lankas natur ; St. Kitts & Nevis natur ; St. Lucias natur ; St. Vincent og Grenadinernes natur ; Sudanesisk natur ; Surinams natur ; Svensk natur ; Swazilands natur ; Sydafrikansk natur ; Sydkoreansk natur ; Syrisk natur ; Tadsjikistans natur ; Taiwanesisk natur ; Tanzanias natur ; Tchads natur ; Thailandsk natur ; Tjekkisk natur ; Togos natur ; Tongas natur ; Trinidad & Tobagos natur ; Tunesisk natur ; Turkmenistans natur ; Tuvalus natur ; Tyrksk natur ; Tysk natur ; Ugandas natur ; Ukrainsk natur ; Ungarnsk natur ; Uruguays natur ; Usbekistans natur ; Vanuatus natur ; Venezuelas natur ; Vietnamesisk natur ; Yemens natur ; Zambias natur ; Zimbabwes natur ; Ækvatorial Guineas natur ; Østrisk natur ; Østtimors natur.

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