Efter en elendig amerikansk mediedækning af optakten til
krigen, starter en USA ledet koalision,
Multinational
Force Iraq, (senere Coalition Provisonal Authority eller the
coalition of the billing som den kaldes i USA frem til maj
2004), af mere eller mindre demokratiske lande, officielt krig mod
Irak; uden
FN-mandat og uden en krigserklæring i traditionel
folkeretslig forstand.
Official US Cost of the War in Iraq
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To see more details, click here. Source: costofwar.com
All statistics are lying!
De amerikanske krigsomkostninger er ifølge en rapport fra den
amerikanske kongres forskningstjeneste underrapporteret og
undervurderet.
After a lousy American media coverage of the run-up to the war,
starts a U.S. led coalition mission, the Multinational Force Iraq,
(later Coalition Provisonal Authority or the coalition of the
billing as it is called in the United States until May 2004), of
more or less democratic countries, official war against Iraq,
without UN mandate and without a declaration of war in the
traditional sense of international law.
Koalision støtter sig til upålidelige
efterretningsrapporter som en del af krigsgrundlaget.
Til trods for de alvorlige anklager om den irakiske regerings
besiddelse af
masseødelæggelsesvåben, var det
amerikanske forsvarsministerium ikke engang forberedt på at
indsamle Iraks kendte
radioaktive materialer da krigen startede, oplyser den
amerikanske rigsrevision i september 2005. USA begynder
bombardement af Bagdad: At approximately 02:30 UTC or about 90
minutes after the lapse of the 48-hour deadline, at 5:30 am local
time, explosions were heard in Baghdad. Iraq Wars Bibliography.
http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/iraqbib.html#iraniraq
De ansvarlige politikeres begrundelser for krigen er, at Irak
besidder masseødelæggelsesvåben og olie,
samt, at krigen vil finde sted med FN-forankring, inden for
FN-sporet, altså i overensstemmelse med folkeretten, at FNs
sikkerhedsråds resolution 1441 ikke satte de tidligere
resolutioner om Irak fra den første Golfkrig ud af kraft.
Det amerikanske forsvarsminisetrium begynder planlægningen af
invasionen af Irak i 1999 i en serie krigsspil kaldet Desert
Crossing.
The casket bearing the body of
US Navy Machinist's Mate Third Class Nathan Taylor goes over the
edge of the USS Enterprise during a Burial at Sea ceremony.
Source: Return Of The Fallen. National Security Archive Electronic
Briefing Book No. 152.
Det folkeretslige hovedspørgsmål må
være om nogle stater kan genbruge eller bøje
vedtagelser i FNs sikkerhedsråd efter forgodtbefindende og om
Saddam Hussain samarbejdede med FNs våbeninspektører
eller ikke.
Krigsperspektivet mangler. Der er tilsyneladende ingen amerikanske
planer for, hvad der skal ske med Irak, når krigen er
vundet.
På det økonomiske område fører Irakkrigen
til stigende oliepriser som kun delvist modsvares af en faldende
dollarkurs og generelt svingende aktiekurser. "the
economy’s prospects were clouded by the uncertainties
surrounding the onset, duration, and potential consequences of war
in Iraq. War-related concerns provided a sizable boost to crude oil
prices; as a result, households faced higher bills for gasoline and
heating oil, and many firms were burdened with rising energy costs.
These concerns also caused consumer confidence to sag and added to
a general disinclination of firms to spend, hire, and accumulate
inventories", skriver den amerikanske nationalbankdriektør
Alan Greenspan i Monetary Policy Report to the Congress, dateret
July 15, 2003.
http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/hh/2003/july/FullReport.pdf
og
http://search.newyorkfed.org/search/search.jsp?template=BOARD&type=adv&who=patx&text=Iraq
I 2006 forværres den økonomiske situation for USA:
"Firstly, long-term U.S. interest rates are falling. Secondly, the
exchange rate of the U.S. dollar, which is the major reserve
currency, is going lower, increasing the depreciation risk for east
Asian reserve assets"... "... on June 8th, the Russian Trading
System launched futures contracts in gold and Urals crude oil
denominated in Russian rubles instead of US dollars. Record oil
prices have boosted Russia's foreign exchange holdings by 54% to
$279.8 billion, so that the Kremlin's reserves are outstripped only
by those of China and Japan." ... "So far this year, the US dollar
has shed over 10% of its value against the Euro, 12% against the
British pound and 6% versus the Australian dollar. The Euro's surge
above $1.30 on November 24th unfolded 3-½ months after the
Federal Reserve signaled a pause in its 2-year rate hike campaign
at 5.25%. If the ECB decides to extend its tightening campaign
beyond the widely telegraphed rate hike to 3.50% on December 7th...
Gary Dorsch, James J. Puplava,
http://www.financialsense.com/fsu/editorials/dorsch/2006/1129.html
I løbet af 2005 og 2006 koster en tønde olie
på råvarebørsen i New York op til 71 $, samtidig
med, at den globale energisektor, ifølge IEA, er under
militarisering. En yderligere faktor for de stigende oliepriser er
stigende fragtrater på olietransporter. Billig olie er en
saga blot.
Renten i USA er nede på en procent og våbenfabrikkernes
aktiekurser, der har nået bunden i september 2001 på
Amex Defense Index, begynder at stige. Fredsdividenden forsvinder
efterhånden som udgifterne til våben og ammunition vokser. En
håndfuld amerikanske virksomheder, våbenfabrikker og
aktionærer forgyldes af Irakkrigen: eksempelvis
ammunitionsfabrikken
Alliant Techsystems Inc., Boeing, Lockheed, Nortrup, det A. P.
Møller Mærsk-ejede rederi Maersk Line Limited,
olieentreprenør-selskabet - det private militærfirma
Haliburton og amerikanske livsforsikrings-selskaber. Haliburton
giver dog underskud i 2004. I november 2010 meddeler DR TV-avisen,
at 130 chaffeurer har mistet livet mens de transportrede containere
fra Pakistan til Afghanistan for Maersk Line Limited.
The US Federal Procurement Data System has a list of Iraq contracts
for FY 2004:
http://www.fpdsng.com/downloads/top_requests/iraq_contracts_04.pdf
Det britiske Windrush Comunications arrangerer the Iraq
Procurement Conferences, muligvis i strid med Haag-konventionerne
fra 1907 og Genève-konventionerne fra 1949.
Kun en dansk virksomhed har fået en ordre efter
besættelsen af Irak: Kosan Crisplant A/S.
Besættelsen af Irak fører til enorme tyverier fra
irakiske museer og omkring 20 milliarder dollars fra Olie for
mad-programmet forsvinder ud i den blå luft.
USAs budgetunderskud vokser i løbet af 2004 til den
maksimale grænse på 738 milliarder dollar,
arbejdsløsheden i USA er stigende og der importeres mere end
der eksporteres. I november 2004 falder dollarkursen i forhold til
euro og pund. OPEC-lande og staterne i Golfens
Samarbejdsorganisation herunder Saudiarabien begynder,
ifølge Financial Times og andre medier, at trække
deres formuer og invisteringer over i andre valuta end dollar.
Samtidig øger USA sin ulandsbistand til lande i
Mellemøsten som samarbejder med USA i forbindelse med
krigene i Afghanistan og Irak.
Irak fortsætter med at betale krigsskadeerstatninger efter
Golfkrigen til the United Nations Compensation Commission
(UNCC).
"Soon after assuming power in 1979, [Mr Hussein] plunged his
country into an eight-year war with Iran and built up a mountain of
borrowings. In the mid-1980s, Iraq was selectively defaulting on
that debt, keeping important creditors sweet but not repaying
others. By doing so, it managed to keep on raising funds
internationally almost to the end of the decade. But by 1990, when
the United Nations imposed sanctions after Iraq invaded Kuwait, all
the debt was in default. By the time the US-led invasion toppled
the regime in April 2003, the build-up of interest owed meant the
debt had grown to $140bn (£76bn, €110bn), making Iraq
one of the world's most indebted countries relative to the size of
its economy...
For a start, creditors to Iraq comprised about 60 governments and
more than 600 private entities in 50 countries. Commercial debt
alone covered a baffling array of instruments: bank loans, letters
of credit, suppliers' credits, unpaid amounts under construction
contracts, foreign workers' remittances, and so on. Much of it had
changed hands many times.
The restructuring was also extraordinary because of the
importance attached to it by the Iraqi government installed after
the invasion. During the two years the process took, many Iraqis
questioned the attention devoted to it and local newspapers printed
harsh editorials criticising it. A campaign began in the west
calling for the debt to be cancelled as "odious", arguing that it
was wrong to burden Iraqis with loans that had been used by a
dictator to prolong his rule.
It was not cheap either. By February, with the commercial
restructuring essentially complete, the Iraqi government had
already spent $120m-$150m in fees, with about $65m going to
Citigroup and JPMorgan of the US, according to Iraqi officials. "By
Iraqi standards, it is an astounding amount of money but by
international standards, it is reasonable," says Ali Allawi, the
then Iraqi finance minister", analyserer Financial Times sig frem
til i juli 2006. Hele den irakiske befolkning lever af
månedlige fødevarerationer, distribueret af FNs
verdensfødevareprogram, WFP. 25 procent af befolkningen er
så fattig, at den er yderst sårbar overfor afbrydelser
i de gratis leverancer af fødevarer.
Ifølge FNs omfattende UNDP-rapport, The
Iraq Living Conditions Survey fra maj 2005, er irakkernes
leveforhold i 2004 'deteriorated and pose challenges for
development efforts two years after the U.S.-led invasion'.
http://www.iq.undp.org/ILCS/overview.htm
Amerikanske hvede- og riseksportører sætter sig
på store dele af det store irakiske marked for hvede og ris i
løbet af 2005, klager det australske nyhedsbureau i april
2006, med det resultat, at de traditionelle australske
leverandører til Irak mister markedsandele.
/ American wheat and rice exporters sits on large parts of the
large Iraqi market for wheat and rice in 2005, complains the
Australian news agency in April 2006, with the result that the
traditional Australian suppliers to Iraq loses market shares.
Irakiske arbejdere fratages retten til at organisere sig i
fagforeninger. Stigende børnedødelighed i Irak
Ifølge det irakiske sundhedsministerium oplysninger fra
november 2006 er '150.000' irakere døde pga. krigen og
voldshandlinger;. men allerede i 2005 registrede FN en stigning i
børnedødeligheden i Irak og Afghanistan: "According
to the latest UN Population Division demographic data (see:
http://esa.un.org/unpp/index.asp?panel=1 ), in 2005 the estimated
under-5 infant mortality in US-occupied Iraq and Afghanistan will
total about 120,000 and 330,000, respectively, out of under 5 year
old populations of 4.3 million and 5.5 million, respectively.",
skriver den australske læge Dr Gideon Polya i juni 2005.
Senere undersøgelser af kræfttilfælde i Fallujah
publiceret af Chris Busby, Malak Hamdan and Entesar Ariabi, "Cancer, Infant Mortality and Birth Sex-Ratio in
Fallujah, Iraq 2005–2009", Int. J. Environ. Res. Public
Health 2010, 7(7), bekræfter dette, her sammendraget af
Patrick Cockburn, "Toxic legacy of US assault on Fallujah 'worse than
Hiroshima'", The Independent, July 24, 2010.