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Kronologi over fredssagen og international politik 26. Oktober 2007 / Time Line October 26, 2007

25. Oktober 2007, 27. Oktober 2007

10/26/2007
Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1999-2006
By: Richard F. Grimmett, Specialist in National Defense
CRS: Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Developing nations continue to be the primary focus of foreign arms sales activity by weapons suppliers. During the years 1999-2006, the value of arms transfer agreements with developing nations comprised 66.4% of all such agreements worldwide. More recently, arms transfer agreements with developing nations constituted 65.7% of all such agreements globally from 2003-2006, and 71.5% of these agreements in 2006.
The value of all arms transfer agreements with developing nations in 2006 was nearly $28.8 billion. This was a decrease from $31.8 billion in 2005. In 2006, the value of all arms deliveries to developing nations was $19.9 billion, the lowest total in these deliveries values for the entire 1999-2006 period (in constant 2006 dollars).

10/26/2007
Regional Governance Forum Challenges Africa’s Heads of State on Transparency, Legitimacy, Participation
African countries commit to strengthening state capacities for good governance
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 26 October, 2007 – After three days of around-the-clock deliberations, the 300 delegates at the Seventh Africa Governance Forum (AGFVII) here agreed today on recommendations to boost the efficiency and responsiveness of African governments to deliver essential social services to their people. Their proposals will be presented to Presidents and Prime Ministers from across the region at the next African Union Summit.
Capped off by a dialogue with Burkina Faso’s President, Blaise Compaore; Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda; and Prime Ministers Abdelaziz Belkhadem of Algeria, the AGF VII brought together government officials, civil society representatives, journalists and business leaders from more than 30 countries under the theme “Building the Capable State in Africa”. A flagship governance initiative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the AGFVII was convened by the agency’s Regional Bureau for Africa.
“The Ouagadougou Summit is for us an opportunity to remind the international community about the importance of additional support to accelerate progress towards the Millennium Development Goals,” said President Compaore.
Having hosted the 2006 edition of the AGF in Kigali, Rwandan President Paul Kagame said that the region has made much progress, with rising economic growth rates, democratic elections in many countries, increased space for civil society and the media, and the creation of effective regional institutions. Despite these advancements, he noted, many African states have low capacity, leaving them unable to lift their citizens out of poverty. “The creation of the capable state in Africa is long overdue. These discussions have been going on for a long time. It is now time to translate these discussions into actions”.
During the Forum, participants focused on the following topics:
Redefining the role of the state and development challenges in Africa
Developing institutional and human capacity for public sector performance
State legitimacy and leadership
Strengthening state performance through decentralized governance
The role of non-state actors
Globalization and state capacity
Role of Women in Building the Capable State in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
In their “Commitment of Ouagadougou”, participants assert that capacity is one of the key missing links to development and democratization in Africa. They identify a number of challenges which factor into Africa’s capacity equation, including the need to improve popular participation and electoral systems; peace and security issues such as preventing and resolving conflicts; service delivery, including investments in education, health, water and sanitation and housing; economic governance, especially effective and transparent use of natural resources and transparency in accounting and contracting and procurement systems; promoting civil society and media development and supporting marginalized groups like youth; globalization; and gender, including how to ensure that women have access to education, land and credit.
The delegates recommend 11 steps to help strengthen the capacities of the state in Africa, ranging from increased government efforts to consolidate the rule of law, mainly through efficiency, integrity and independence of the judiciary, and investing in education with a view to nurturing future generations; to factoring women’s participation into the process of building the capable state in Africa and placing importance on good governance as a guarantee of political stability in order to improve the quality of people’s lives.
They challenge African Heads of State to take the Commitment of Ouagadougou seriously and put its recommendations to good use.
A high point of the Forum was the presence of Joaquim Chissano, former President of Mozambique and Chairman of the African Forum, who peacefully left the reigns of his country in 2005 and was recently named the first winner of the Mo Ibrahim Award, which recognizes African countries and former presidents for their achievements in good governance in Africa. During the opening ceremony, he said that political change is taking hold in Africa. “Increasingly, African States have renounced the culture of military and single party rule and presidency for life. I stand before you as a clear testimony to the emergence of this new form of political governance in Africa”.
On the sidelines of the Forum, UNDP, in collaboration with the Reuters Foundation, conducted a media dialogue for journalists from AGF countries. The dialogue provided participating journalists an opportunity to explore from a media point of view the meaning and definition of a capable state in Africa and hear about the prevailing capacity development challenges and opportunities. The agenda for the media dialogue included an exclusive group interview with President Chissano and a briefing by Protais Musoni, Rwanda’s Minister of Local Administration, Good Governance, Community Development and Social Affairs.
“At the heart of all development challenges that African governments are facing is the lack of capacity to deliver education, water, sanitation, health, electrical power, telecommunications or roads to their people,” said Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo, UNDP Regional Director for Africa. “Human development is ultimately defined by degree of access to these services. I hope that the countries and partners represented here will take home the message that building capacity for effective service delivery is the critical element in the agenda for building the capable state in Africa.”
The AGF was conceived as a UNDP joint initiative with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA).,Previous AGFs have focused on the African Peer Review Mechanism, Local Governance for Poverty Eradication, Parliament as an Instrument for Good Governance, Conflict Management for Durable Peace and Sustainable Development, Accountability and Transparency in Africa and Meeting the Governance Challenge in Africa.
The following countries participated in the Forum: Algeria, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda and Zimbabwe. In addition, Benin, Central African Republic, Chad, Djibouti, Guinea Conakry, Mali and Niger are attending as observers.

10/26/2007

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