Det danske Fredsakademi
Kronologi over fredssagen og international politik 7. August 1964 / Timeline August 7, 1964
Version 3.56. August 1964, 8. August 1964
08/07/1964
Vietnamkrigens
krigsgrundlag
USAs præsident
Lyndon B. Johnson 'får' ekstra beføjelser af
kongressen til at udvide krigen i Vietnam,
08/07/1964
Vietnam War war basis - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson 'get' extra powers by Congress to
expand the war in Vietnam.
Sources: U.S. National Archives & Records
Administration: Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964).
On August 4, 1964, President Lyndon Johnson announced that two days
earlier, U.S. ships in the Gulf of Tonkin had been attacked by the
North Vietnamese. Johnson dispatched U.S. planes against the
attackers and asked Congress to pass a resolution to support his
actions. The joint resolution “to promote the maintenance of
international peace and security in southeast Asia” passed on
August 7, with only two Senators (Wayne Morse and Ernest Gruening)
dissenting, and became the subject of great political controversy
in the course of the undeclared war that followed.
The Tonkin Gulf Resolution stated that “Congress approves and
supports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief,
to take all necessary measures to repeal any armed attack against
the forces of the United States and to prevent any further
aggression.” As a result, President Johnson, and later
President Nixon, relied on the resolution as the legal basis for
their military policies in Vietnam.
As public resistance to the war heightened, the resolution was
repealed by Congress in January 1971.
Printed in Department of State Bulletin, August 24, 1964
- http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=98
Tonkin Gulf Intelligence "Skewed" According to Official History
and Intercepts
Newly Declassified National Security Agency Documents Show Analysts
Made "SIGINT fit the claim" of North Vietnamese Attack
National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 132
Washington, D.C., 1 December 2005 - The largest U.S. intelligence
agency, the National Security Agency, today declassified over 140
formerly top secret documents -- histories, chronologies, signals
intelligence [SIGINT] reports, and oral history interviews -- on
the August 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident. Included in the release is
a controversial article by Agency historian Robert J. Hanyok on
SIGINT and the Tonkin Gulf which confirms what historians have long
argued: that there was no second attack on U.S. ships in Tonkin on
August 4, 1964. According to National Security Archive research
fellow John Prados, "the American people have long deserved to know
the full truth about the Gulf of Tonkin incident. The National
Security Agency is to be commended for releasing this piece of the
puzzle. The parallels between the faulty intelligence on Tonkin
Gulf and the manipulated intelligence used to justify the Iraq War
make it all the more worthwhile to re-examine the events of August
1964 in light of new evidence." Last year, Prados edited a National
Security Archive briefing book which published for the first time
some of the key intercepts from the Gulf of Tonkin crisis.
-
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB132/press20051201.htm
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