UAV

⚔ Amerikansk: Unmaned Aerial Vehicle. Førerløse fly eller førerløse spionfly.
Bruges ofte til spionage og overvgning under krig samt 'internationale missioner'. Nogle førerløse fly er lavtflyvende, andre er højtflyvende: The warfighting Commanders-in-Chief (CINCs) have a need to provide commanders a responsive capability to conduct wide-area near-real-time reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA), command and control, signals intelligence (SIGINT), electronic warfare (EW), and special operations missions during peacetime and all levels of war against defended/denied areas over extended periods of time.
Classifications for UAVs have changed since DARO's creation. The short- and medium- range classes have been replaced by the Joint Tactical, along with Medium Altitude Endurance and High Altitude Endurance UAVs.
The High Altitude Endurance (HAE) class of UAVs, currently administered by ARPA, consists of two different systems: the Tier II Plus, produced by Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical and the Tier III Minus, also known as the DarkStar, produced by Lockheed Martin/Boeing.
Due to the current state of technologies, there is no way to avoid enemy intercept of global communications. Although the enemy can’t be stopped from intercepting transmissions, exploitation is denied using encryption. UAV to UAV relay is also a possibility for extending line-of-sight operations, but this increases risk and costs because you have to depend on getting more than one UAV airborne and operating at all times. If the developers of the various systems decide to “harden” the data links, the much more expensive but jam resistant solution is the Milstar II satellites.
Airborne reconnaissance meeting tomorrow's surveilliance challenges today
http://www.global-defence.com/1997/AirbourneRecon.html
In answers to a series of questions Major General Kenneth R. Israel, USAF; Director, Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office (DARO), provides an overview of the US Defense Department's strategy for developing a comprehensive, integrated and efficient airborne reconnaissance capability to meet the needs of warfighters in the next century...
Det danske flyvevåben har købt 12 UAV af den franske virksomhed SAGEM for 400 mio kr. Et af flyene er styrtet ned og totalharvareret. Statens Luftfartsvææsen skal godkende UAVs overflyvning af civile områder. En række hendelser i årene 2000-2005 har ført til et dansk flyforbud for førerløse spionfly
Se også: US Creech Air Force Base ; GPS ; HNS ; IFF ; ITU ; US Joint Overarching Integrated Product Team ; US Joint UAV Center of Excellence ; payload ; PCU Project Brass Ring.

Litteratur

Brøndum, Christian: Dårlig kvalitet er årsag til fejl i forsvarets spionfly. I: Berlingske Tidende, 12/04/2003.
Brøndum, Christian: Forsvaret erkender ansvar for stækket spionfly. I: Berlingske Tidende, 04/21/2005.
Brøndum, Christian: Forsvarets nye spionfly fyldt med fejl. I: Berlingske Tidende, 12/03/2003.
Brøndum, Christian: Forsvarets "spionfly" står tungt på jorden. I: Berlingske Tidende, 03/12/2005.
Brøndum, Christian: Forsvarsministeren vil alligevel placere ansvar i spionfly-sag. I: Berlingske Tidende, 06/09/2006.
Brøndum, Christian: Spionfly skrottet på forkert grundlag. I: Berlingske Tidende, 06/13/2005.
Brøndum, Christian: "Tårnfalken" ramt af uheld. I: Berlingske Tidende, 03/12/2005.
Brøndum, Christian: Ubemandet spionfly skudt endeligt ned. I: Berlingske Tidende, 12/15/2005.
http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/usaf/conops_uav/
Department of Defense: Report to Congress on Future Unmanned Aircraft Systems Training, Operations, and Sustainability. / : Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics. 2012. - 27 s.
- http://www.fas.org/irp/program/collect/uas-future.pdf
CRS: Drones in Domestic Surveillance Operations: Fourth Amendment Implications and Legislative Responses. / : Richard M. Thompson II. 2012. - 23 s.
The Government Accountability Office: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Improved Stategic and Acquisition Planning Can Help Address Emerging Challenges. GAO-05-395T, March 9, 2005
http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?GAO-05-395T
The General Accounting Office (GAO): Unmanned Aerial Vehicles : Major Management Issues Facing DOD's Development and Fielding Efforts. GAO-04-530T, March 17, 2004
Leder: Forsvaret må professionaliseres. I: Berlingske Tidende, 06/13/2005.
Nielsen, Gert C.: Nyt spionfly til 400 milioner opgives uden at have fungeret. I: Berlingske Tidende, 06/03/2005.
Paamand, Tom Vilmer: Obamas urimelige dronedrab. I: Information, 10/13/2010.
Ritzaus Bureau: Spionfly må ikke flyve. I: Information, 12/04/2003.
Stenstrup, Mads: Vingeskudt tårnfalk lever fortsat. I: Jyllands-Posten, 06/08/2005.
Aagaard, Charlotte: Den dag, dronerne tog fejl : Tre hvide minibusser fyldt med civile afghanere blev ved en fejltagelse skudt i smadder på en grusvej i Uruzgan-provinsen sidste år. Netop frigivne dokumenter fra det amerikanske forsvar afslører, hvad der gik galt — og hvad prisen blev. I: Information, 10/28/2011.
Aagaard, Charlotte: USA likviderer terrormistænkte som aldrig før: Siden Obama overtog magten i Det Hvide Hus, er USA's likvideringer af terrormistænkte mangedoblet. Borgerretsorganisationer og eksperter anklager USA for brud på folkeretten. I: Information, 10/28/2011.

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