-
- Germanium er det 32. grundstof i det periodiske system og det er et
forholdsvis sjældent halvledermateriale som bl.a. bruges i
(militær) elektronik til optiske fibre og infrarød
optik i navigationsinstrumenter. Størstedelen af anvendelsen
af Germanium finder sted via genbrug og produktion i Kina (70
procent), Rusland (4 procent), USA (2 procent), og i andre lande,
herunder Australien, Canada, Finland, Indien og Spanien,
-
- GAO: Electronic Waste: DOD is Recovering Materials, but
Several Factors May Hinder Near-Term Expansion of These
Efforts, 2016.
'In fiscal year 2016, DLA began to add germanium recovered from
certain military electronics to the National Defense Stockpile.
Germanium originates as a by-product of zinc mining and comes in a
variety of forms, including germanium oxides, germanium metal, and
germanium powder. According to DLA, high-purity germanium is
manufactured into infrared lenses for most DOD night vision
technology, thermal imaging systems, and infrared tracking systems
in combat vehicles. These applications are used for tracking ground
targets and heat-seeking missiles and conducting nighttime
counterinsurgency operations.'
Germanium—Giving Microelectronics an Efficiency Boost
USGS Mineral Resources Program 72.58
- https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2015/3011/fs20153011.pdf
Germanium. / : David E. Guberman.
U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, January
2009.
-
http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/germanium/mcs-2009-germa.pdf
Philip Seidenberg, "From Germanium to Silicon, A History of
Change in the Technology of the Semiconductors," in Facets: New
Perspectivies on the History of Semiconductors, ed. Andrew
Goldstein & William Aspray (New Brunswick: IEEE Center for the
History of Electrical Engineering, 1997), 35-74.
- http://ethw.org/images/3/3a/Seidenberg,_1997.pdf
Send
kommentar, email
eller søg i Fredsakademiet.dk