The Danish Peace Academy

EU promotes militarism : A selected bibliography

By: Holger Terp, June-July 2005.

Dansk/Danish
Engelsk/English

The articel descripes the present militarization in the EU and US and looks into the history of the peace divident. Also it takes a look at the present long time planning of the US nuclear forces and the arms trade, concluding with a review of the proposed new constitution for the European Union.

This bibliography documents a little known development in the EU: The ongoing militarisation of the European Union, which has taken place since the end on the cold war to the present. The proposed constitution treaty will cement this development. The European Defence Agency mentioned in the constitution aims to secure a growing military-industrialised-complex in EU under the dominance of the United States.

Overlooked documents will be recieved with gratitude.

Public EU-documents are online 1999-.

Brief Outline of Sources of Information on Federal Government Contracts.
Compiled by: George Caldwell, Senior Specialist in U.S. Government Documents.
Library of Congress, Serial and Government Publications Division.
December 6, 1988 (revised August 2, 1994).
http://www.loc.gov/rr/news/govtcon.html

Aerospace & Defence Network: ASD News Headlines.
http://www.asd-network.com/press_overzicht.asp

Aerospece and Defence Network: Further steps towards a European space policy.
http://www.asd-network.com/NewsPress.asp?ID=4020

AP : Military-industrial complexities. I: The Economist. March 27, 2003.

http://www.adriane.org

Altes, Edy Korthals: The contribution of the EU to Peace and Security in an unbalanced world .

Amnesty International: Undermining Global Security : The European Union’s Arms Exports, 2004.
http://www.amnesty.ie/user/content/view/full/2107

BBC: Why do we fight? TV2, 06/13/2005.

BEHIND THE BOEING-McDONNELL DOUGLAS MERGER
American offensive for control of the skies
By Yves Belanger and Laurent Carroué
Le Monde diplomatique, September 1997.

Bennhold, Katrin: A French call for the EU to raise military outlays.
International Herald Tribune, FRIDAY, JUNE 10, 2005.

Bordonaro, Federico: Concern Over Delays in the E.U.'s Defense Integration Process.
http://www.pinr.com

Britain joins EU army
The Sunday Times - Britain, November 21, 2004

Chin, Larry: The deep politics of regime removal in Iraq: Overt conquest, covert operations.
Part Five: The American Empire and business of Iraq.
Online Journal, November 21, 2002

Chossudovsky, Michel: New Undeclared Arms Race : America's Agenda for Global Military Domination.
http://www.canadiandimension.mb.ca/extra/d041105mc.htm

Commission of the European Communities: The challenges facing the European defence-related industry, a contribution for action at european level.
EUR-OP, 1996. -- 36 p. ; ann. -- ISBN 9277997591

Commission of the European Communities: EU-NATO Co-operation.
http://ue.eu.int/cms3_fo/showPage.asp?id=282⟨=da&mode=g

Commission communication to Parliament and the Council on: `The challenges facing the European defence-related industry, a contribution for action at European level'. Bulletin EU 1/2-1996. Industrial policy (4/5).
http://europa.eu.int/abc/doc/off/bull/en/9601/p103080.htm

Commission of the European Communities: A Conference organised by the European Commission:
European defence procurement in the 21st century:
improving efficiency and enhancing competitiveness; the role of standardisation proceedings.
Wednesday 8 November 2000 in Brussels.

Commission of the European Communities: European defence - industrial and market issues:
Towards an EU Defence Equipment Policy.
Brussels, 11.3.2003
COM(2003) 113 final
http://europa.eu.int/cgi-bin/eur-lex/udl.pl?REQUEST=Service-Search&COLLECTION=com&SERVICE=all&LANGUAGE=en&GUILANGUAGE=en&DOCID=503PC0113

Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress
CRS Report for Congress
Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1996-2003. August 26, 2004
Richard F. Grimmett, Specialist in National Defense
Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division

Corporate Europe Observer: TABD Takes Up Arms : Post-September 11, major EU and US arms producers take a leading role in the ailing group.
http://www.corporateeurope.org/observer11/tabd.html
CEO beskriver sig selv som en 'European-based research and campaign group targeting the threats to democracy, equity, social justice and the environment posed by the economic and political power of corporations and their lobby groups'.

CONTRACTS from the United States Department of Defense . 05/31/2005.
http://www.defenselink.mil/contracts/2005/ct20050531.html
Denne pressemeddelelse lister 503 amerikanske våbenfabrikker.

Convention for the Establishment of a European Space Agency . 30 May 1975 (came into force on 30 October 1980).

CORDIS RTD-NEWS/European Communities: Arms industry calls for greater spending on EU defence R&D. [Date: 2002-01-29]
http://dbs.cordis.lu/cgi-bin/srchidadb?CALLER=NHP_EN_NEWS&ACTION=D&SESSION=&RCN=EN_RCN_ID:17914

CORDIS RTD-NEWS: European Communities: MEPs call for peaceful application of EU space strategy.
[Date: 2002-01-21]

Council Declaration of 13 June 2000, issued on the occasion of the adoption of the common list of military equipment covered by the European Union code of conduct on arms export 8.7.2000. I: EN Official Journal of the European Communities C 191/1

Council Decision of 24 January 2005 amending Decision 2004/197/CFSP .
/europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32005D0068:EN:HTML

The Council of the European Union: Agreement between the Member States of the European Union concerning the status of military and civilian staff seconded to the Military Staff of the European Union, of the headquarters and forces which may be made available to the European Union in the context of the preparation and execution of the tasks referred to in Article 17(2) of the Treaty on European Union, including exercises, and of the military and civilian staff of the Member States put at the disposal of the European Union to act in this context (EU SOFA)
Signature 17/11/2003 : Brussels
J.O. Reference C 321 (31/12/2003)

Council of EU: Agreement on the promotion, provision and use of GALILEO and GPS satellite-based navigation systems and related applications. Signature 26/06/2004 : Dromoland Castle, Co. Clare.

Council of EU: Decision of the representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council, on the privileges and immunities granted to the European Defence Agency and to its staff members.
Signature 10/11/2004 : Brussels.

Declaration by the European Union and the United States on the responsibilities of States and on transparency regarding arms exports .
http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/us/summit12_00/arms_exports.htm

Declaration on the European Security and Defence Policy , December 13, 2002.

Defence Industrial Strategy: Defence White Paper / Presented to Parliament by The Secretary of State for Defence. December 2005.
http://www.mod.uk/linked_files/issues/industrial_strategy/def_industrial_strategy_wp_cm6697.pdf

Deighton, Anne: Militarising the European Union .
CÉPÉS (centre d'études des politiques étrangères et de sécurité) Université du Québec à Montréal;
Notes de recherches · Numéro 15 · juillet 2000).
http://www.er.uqam.ca/nobel/cepes/notes/note15.html

Defence News Daily: US Defence Industry Global Partnetships.
Last Updated: 27 August 2004.
http://defence-data.com/ripley/pagerip2.htm
Defence News Daily: Western European Aerospace & Defence Industries - The Ownership Jigsaw.
Last Updated: 31 May 2005
http://defence-data.com/ripley/pagerip1.htm

Dollar shift : The Iraq war and the changing face of Pentagon contracting : A World Policy Institute Special Report by Frida Berrigan and William D. Hartung, with Leslie Heffel June 2005.
World Policy Institute, Arms Trade Resource Center.
http://www.worldpolicy.org/projects/arms/reports/Top102005Report.html

EurActiv: European Defence Agency to boost synergy of EU armaments industry.
http://www.euractiv.com/Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-117910-16&type=News

The European Advisory Group on Aerospace: Strategic Aerospace Review for the 21st century STAR21: Creating a coherent market and policy framework for a vital European industry.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/aerospace/report_star21_screen.pdf
European Aerospace Industry Welcomes the STAR 21 Communication of the European Commission .
http://www.aecma.org/Press/pr0309_STAR21_EC_Comm.htm
European Rapid Reaction Force : I : European Foreign and Security Policy Newsletter, Issue no. 4. December 2000.
http://www.iiea.com/files/efsp/issue04.pdf

Report by the Head of the European Defence Agency to the Council - Brussels, 17.05.2005.
http://ue.eu.int/uedocs/cmsUpload/st08967.en05.pdf

European Economic and Social Committee: OPINION of the on the Green Paper – Defence procurement.
Brussels, 9 February 2005.
COM(2004) 608 final

Eurostat : yearbook 2004 : The statistical guide to Europe, Data 1992-2002.
http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/

European Union the Council of Ministers: European Defence Agency.
http://ue.eu.int/cms3_fo/showPage.asp?id=277⟨=EN

European Union: Institute for Security Studies .
http://www.iss-eu.org/

Fifth Franco-German Council of Ministers – Statement by the Franco-German Defense and Security Council.
Embassy of France in the United States - May 12, 2005.
http://www.ambafrance-us.org/news/statmnts/2005/franco_germany_defense042605.asp

Following the Money To Iraq. In: USA Today, 1210/1992

United States General Accounting Office: Trade with the European Union : Recent Trends and Electronic Commerce Issues.
http://www.gao.gov/cgi-bin/getrpt?T-NSIAD-00-46
GAO: Defense Acquisitions: Assessments of Selected Major Weapon Programs.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05301.pdf
GAO: Defense Trade : European Initiatives to Integrate the Defense Market.
http://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/ns98006.pdf
GAO: Defense Trade : Contractors Engage in Varied International Alliances.
http://www.gao.gov/new.items/ns00213.pdf
Iraq: U.S. Military Items Exported or Transferred to Iraq in the 1980s.
(Letter Report, 02/07/94, GAO/NSIAD-94-98).
http://www.fas.org/man/gao/gao9498.htm
GAO: Military Exports : A Comparison of Government Support in the United States and Three Major Competitors.
GAO: Space System Acquisitions.
June 23, 2005

Grimmett, Richard F.: Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 1996-2003. August 26, 2004
http://www.fas.org/man/crs/RL32547.pdf Og: http://www.fas.org/man/crs/RL32689.pdf

Gaarder, Pia A.: Cluster bombs and nuclear weapons out of the Oil Fund. (Publisert 11.05.2004).
http://www.norwatch.no/index.php?artikkelid=1231&back=1

Harding, Gareth: Four anti-war states to create EU army
UPI Chief European Correspondent
Published 4/29/2003 11:07 AM
A History of the European Space Agency 1958 – 1987 .
Volume I : The story of ESRO and ELDO, 1958 - 1973. / by J. Krige and A. Russo; with contributions by M. De Maria and L. Sebesta.
Diverse aktuelle amerikanske rumvåbenprogrammer:
Initiatives available in the IRM:
http://www.wslfweb.org/docs/roadmap/irm/initlist.htm

Higgs, Robert Profits of U.S. Defense Contractors.
The Independent Institute, March 13, 1992.
http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=129

ICBUW: Belgian Bank KBC ceases investments in uranium weapons.
Posted on 09 January 2005.
http://www.bandepleteduranium.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=166

Lutz Ellehuus, Rachel Anne: European Armaments Co-operation : A Building Block for ESDP.
Dansk Udenrigspolitisk Institut (DUPI). ; Report 2002/2.

Markusen, Ann R.: The Case Against Privatizing National Security.
Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, Vol. 16, No. 4,
October 2003 (pp. 471–501).

Memorandum of Understanding for the implementation of a European Concerted Research Action designated as COST Action A10 "Defence Restructuring and Conversion".
Brussels, 28 February 1996.

The MOD Annual Report and Accounts 2003-2004.
http://www.mod.uk/publications/performance2003/index.html

Lord Astor of Hever asked Her Majesty's Government: Bilateral Defence Acquisition Committee.
Lords Hansard
10 Jun 2004 : Column WA50
http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds04/text/40610w04.htm

Merle, Renae: Outsourcing Weapons. Washington Post, 03/08/05.
http://www.ocnus.net/cgi-bin/exec/view.cgi?archive=65&num=16978

NATO-EU cooperation taken to a new level .
http://www.nato.int/docu/update/2003/03-march/e0317a.htm

EU-NATO Declaration on ESDP .
http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/2002/p02-142e.htm

NATO-EU: A strategic partnership : Greater European responsibility in defence matters.
http://www.nato.int/issues/nato-eu/eu-responsability.html

Office of the Under Secretary of Defense: National Defense Budget Estimates - FY 2004
This document is prepared and distributed as a convenient reference source for the National Defense budget estimates for FY 2004. It also provides selected current and constant dollar historical time series for National Defense, the total Federal Budget, and the U.S. economy.
http://www.dod.mil/comptroller/defbudget/fy2004/

Overview of America's International Strategy .
http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss1.html

Project for the New American Century: Rebuilding America’s Defenses : Strategy, Forces and Resources for a New Century. http://www.newamericancentury.org/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf

PricewaterhouseCoopers: The Defence Industry in the 21st Century.
http://www.pwcglobal.com/extweb/pwcpublications.nsf/4bd5f76b48e282738525662b00739e22/d0916ea815450f4185256fef0059437d/$FILE/The%20Defence%20Industry_13.pdf

Privacy International: EU announces Action Plan on privacy, terrorism and security .
http://www.privacyinternational.org/article.shtml?cmd[347]=x-347-210015

de Selding, Peter B.: Red Tape Hinders EU Military Space Cooperation .
C4ISR Journal, May 12, 2005
http://www.isrjournal.com/story.php?F=844999

A secure Europe in a better world - the European Security strategy
Approved by the European Council held in Brussels on 12 December 2003 and drafted under the responsibilities of the EU High Representative Javier Solana.

SIPRI YEARBOOK 2003, CHAPTER 11 .
http://editors.sipri.se/pubs/yb03/ch11.html

SIPRI: list of Top 100 arms-producing companies.
http://www.sipri.org/contents/milap/milex/aprod/sipridata.html

Slijper, Frank: The emerging EU Military-Industrial Complex : Arms industry lobbying in Brussels.
TRANSNATIIONAL INSTITUTE; TNI BRIEFINGSERIES No 2005/1.
http://www.tni.org/reports/militarism/eumilitary.pdf

Statewatch News online: EU cements deal with NATO on exchange of documents .
http://www.statewatch.org/news/2003/jun/10eunato.htm

Sterngold, James: Casualty of War: the U.S. Economy
San Francisco Sunday Chronicle
Sunday, July 17, 2005
http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/07/17/MNG5GDPEK31.DTL&type=printable

UK HAS FIRST OPERATIONAL-LEVEL EUROPEAN UNION COMMAND CENTRE .
18 June 2003
Jane's Defence Weekly.

The United States, The European Union and Iraq Announce International Conference on June 22, 2005 .
Press Statement Richard Boucher, Spokesman Washington, DC June 1, 2005

Western European Union: Index of Reports of the Assembly (1956-2004).
w.assembly-weu.org/en/documents/sessions_ordinaires/reports/index/index_rap.html
WEU Recommendation 410 on the Military Use of Space of 21 June 1984.
WEU Recommendation 413 on the Military Use of Space (Part II) of 4 December 1984.
WEU Recommendation 428 on the West European Union and the Strategic Defence Initiative— The Strategic Defence Initiative (Defence Aspects) of 4 December 1985.
WEU Recommendation 429 on the West European Union and the Strategic Defence Initiative—The European Pillar of the Atlantic Alliance of 4 December 1985.
WEU Recommendation 430 on the West European Union and the Strategic Defence Initiative—Guidelines drawn from the Colloquy on the Space Challenge for Europe (Proposals) of 4 December 1985.
WEU Recommendation 448 on European Space Policy Until 2000 of October 1987.
WEU Recommendation 466 on Scientific and Technical Aspects of Arms Control Verification by Satellite of December 1988.
WEU Recommendation 570 on the Development of a European Space-Based Observation System (Part III). 30 November 1994.

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