Det danske Fredsakademi
Kronologi over fredssagen og international politik 5. September 2007 / Timeline September 5, 2007
Version 3.54. September 2007, 6. September 2007
09/05/2007
Kvindefredslejren ved Greenham Common grundlægges, 1981.
09/05/2007
Dominican Republic ratifies the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty
Vienna, 05 September 2007 -
The Dominican Republic ratified the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty (CTBT) on 4 September 2007. This brings the total number of
Treaty ratifications to 140. The Dominican Republic signed the
Treaty on 3 October 1996, only a few days after it opened for
signature on 24 September 1996.
The ratification of the CTBT by the Dominican Republic comes two
weeks prior to a conference to promote the Treaty. The Conference
on Facilitating the Entry into Force of the CTBT, also called
Article XIV Conference, will take place from 17 to18 September 2007
in Vienna, Austria. The Foreign Ministers of Austria and Costa Rica
will preside over the conference. The aim of the conference is to
examine how the entry into force of the Treaty can be accelerated,
and to urge countries that have not yet done so to sign and ratify
the Treaty without delay.
To date, 177 States have signed the Treaty and 140 have ratified
it. The States listed in Annex 2 of the Treaty bear particular
responsibility as their ratification is required for the CTBT to
enter into force. These States participated in the negotiations of
the Treaty in 1996 and possessed nuclear power or research reactors
at the time. Thirty-four of these States have ratified the Treaty,
including the three nuclear weapon States France, Russian
Federation and the United Kingdom. The ten remaining States are
China, Colombia, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,
Egypt, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Pakistan
and the United States of America.
The CTBT bans all nuclear explosions. A verification regime is
being built to monitor compliance with the Treaty. 337 facilities
world-wide will monitor the underground, the oceans and the
atmosphere for any sign of a nuclear explosion. Today, more than
200 facilities send data to the International Data Centre at the
CTBTO in Vienna.
09/05/2007
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
CRS: Updated September 5, 2007
The 110th Congress will again review the Bush Administration’s plans for U.S.
strategic nuclear forces, during the annual authorization and appropriations process.
It may review a number of questions about the future size of that force. For example, some have questioned why the United States must retain 2,200 strategic nuclear warheads. Congress may also question the Administration’s plans for reductions in the Minuteman force and B-52 fleet...
09/05/2007
National Security Archive Update, September 5, 2007
Archive Sues to Recover 5 Million Missing White House
E-mails
Washington D.C., September 5, 2007 - The National Security Archive
today sued the White House seeking the recovery and preservation of
more than 5 million White House e-mail messages that were
apparently deleted from White House computers between March 2003
and October 2005. [The complaint and related documents are posted
at www.nsarchive.org.]
The lawsuit filed this morning in U.S. District Court for the
District of Columbia names as defendants the Executive Office of
the President and its components that are subject to the Federal
Records Act, including the White House Office of Administration
(OA), and the National Archives and Records Administration (which
is responsible for long-term preservation of federal and
presidential records), under the records laws and the
Administrative Procedure Act.
White House officials ranging from spokesperson Dana Perino to
counsel Keith Roberts have acknowledged in press and Congressional
briefings that e-mail is missing from the White House archive, and
that the EOP in 2002 abandoned the electronic records management
system put in place by the Clinton White House. Whistleblowers
cited in conjunction with a Freedom of Information lawsuit brought
by the watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in
Washington (CREW) have alleged that more than 5 million e-mail
messages are missing from the White House servers.
"The Bush White House broke the law and erased our history by
deleting those e--ail messages," said National Security Archive
director Tom Blanton. "The period of the missing email starts with
the invasion of Iraq and runs through the aftermath of Hurricane
Katrina."
Archive general counsel Meredith Fuchs said, "Without court
oversight, there's no guarantee the White House will ever recover
the missing e-mails or install an effective archiving system."
"The law is clear that e-mails count as government records," said
attorney Sheila Shadmand of the law firm Jones Day, which is
representing the Archive. "The White House admits e-mails are
missing but we have no assurance they are fixing the problem."
The National Security Archive, an independent non-governmental
organization based at George Washington University, brought the
original White House e-mail lawsuit (which included a wide range of
scholarly, library and public interest co-plaintiffs) against
Presidents Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton. That
lawsuit produced landmark rulings in the early 1990s that e-mail
had to be treated as government records. Those rulings led to the
preservation of more than 30 million White House e-mail messages
from the 1980s and 1990s.
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