Det danske Fredsakademi
Kronologi over fredssagen og international politik 16 Oktober 1940 / Time Line October 16, 1940
Version 3.015. Oktober 1940, 17. Oktober 1940
10/16/1940
Værnetvang,
USA; våbenløse helte
USA første
sessionsdag i fredstid. Omkring 16 millioner indkaldes. The Union 8,
otte Union Theology Seminary studenter som ikke er
værnepligtige, arresteres alligevel for ikke at møde
på session. Blandt dem var James W. Bristah, Dave
Dellinger og George Houser. De idømmes et
år og en dags fængsel hver. Militærnægtere
og totalnægtere samles i
lejre, hvor gennemsnitsstraffen var 3-4 års
indespærring.
Nogle af de amerikanske militærnægtere gjorde
sanitetsarbejde under anden verdenskrig. Blant disse
militærnægtere kan nævnes pacifisten Desmond
T. Doss. Omkring 11.000 ydede arbejde af national betydning,
herunder skovarbejde, 800 arbejdede i sindsygehospitaler, hvor der
var akut mangel på arbejdskraft. 200
militærnægtere arbejdede som
brand-falskærmsjagere; de sprang ud med falskærme for
at slukke ildebrande forårsaget af japanske brandbomber.
Flere hundrede militærnægtere var forsøgskaniner
under verdenskrigen, eksempelvis i forbindelse med
kolera-forskning.
Litteratur: US National Archives and Records
Administration: World War II Army Enlistment Records, created,
6/1/2002 - 9/30/2002, documenting the period ca. 1938 - 1946 -
Record Group 64.
http://aad.archives.gov/aad/free-text-search-results.jsp?cat=all&q=music&btnSearch=Search&as_alq=&as_anq=&as_epq=&as_woq=
Richard G. Wood, comp., Records of the Selective Service
System, 1940-47 PI 27 (1951); Patricia Andrews, comp.,
Supplement to Preliminary Inventory No. 27, Records of the
Selective Service System, 1940-, NM 32 (1964); supplement listing
accessioned microfilm in National Archives microfiche edition of
preliminary inventories.
Kleber, Victor: Selective service in Illinois, 1940-1947 : a
complete history of the operation of the Selective Service System
in Illinois from its inception on September 16, 1940 to its
termination on March 31, 1947. - [Springfield]: Printed by
authority of the state of Illinois, 1948. - 519 s.
- http://archive.org/details/selectiveservice00kleb
United States. Selective Service System: Selective service
(1941). - 274 s.
- Washington, D.C. : National Headquarters, Selective Service
System.
- http://archive.org/details/1selectiveservice11119417
Amerikansk militærnægter får kongressens
æresmedaile. I: Ny Ungdom, 1947:1 s. 2.
Se på Internettet: Records of the Selective Service System,
1940-.
The Continuing Committee of the Historical Peace Churches
etablerer samtidig militærnægter-organisationen, the
National Service Board for Religious Objection.
Kilde: No Time but this Present s. 59.
Indkaldelsen af værnepligtige giver folkemusikeren Pete Seeger og en
række andre musikere anledning til at synge og spille nye
viser som Ballad of October 16, Dear Mr. President,
'C' for Conscription, Washington Breakdown og
Deliver the Goods. Nogle af protestsangene (gen)udsendes
først i 2001. Enkelte af sangene er for krigen mod
Hitler.
Litteratur: The Authentic History Center: World War II
Before Pearl Harbor: American Music Part 1: Nationalism &
The War In Europe.
- http://www.authentichistory.com/1939-1945/3-music/index.html
10/16/1940
Forced conscripttion, USA; unarmed heroes
U.S. first peacetime conscription day. Around 16 million convened.
The Union 8, eight Union Theology Seminary students who are not
conscripts are arrested anyway for failing to attend the session.
Among them was James W. Bristah, Dave Dellinger and George Houser.
They were each imposed a year and a day in prison. Conscientious
and total objectors in detention camps, where the average penalty
was 3-4 years of incarceration. Some of the American conscientious
objectors did sanitation work during World War II.
Amongst these conscientious objectors include the pacifist Desmond
T. Doss.
Around 11,000 rendered work of national importance, including
forestry, 800 worked in mental hospitals, where there was an acute
shortage of labor. Two hundred conscientious objectors worked as a
fire-parachute fighters; they jumped out with parachutes to
extinguish fires caused by Japanese incendiary bombs. Several
hundred conscientious objectors were guinea pigs during the World
War, for example in connection with cholera research.
The call for conscripts gives folk musician Pete Seeger and a
number of other musicians the opportunity to sing and play new
songs as Ballad of October 16, Dear Mr. President,
'C' for Conscription, Washington Breakdown and
Deliver the Goods. Some of protest songs are first (re)
published in 2001. Some of the songs are for the war against
Hitler.
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